Last updated: August 8, 2008

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Style Guide

This information, assembled and maintained by the Office of Public Affairs and Communications, is intended to guide anyone preparing written materials on behalf of Lewis & Clark. It addresses issues of grammar, punctuation, spelling, and usage. The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is our primary reference. The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law, copyright 2007, is our secondary reference. For questions on the spelling or usage of words not found in this style guide or in the references previously mentioned, consult Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition.

To quickly search the contents of the style guide, use your browser's Find function.

a, an

Use a before words that begin with consonant sounds. Use an before vowel sounds.
an eight-year average
an M.B.A.
a historic event

abbreviations

• Use only the most universal abbreviations.
  
  FBI
  NATO
  B.C.
  L&C (second and subsequent references only; not LC or L & C)
  
  
• See also academic degrees, addresses, Lewis & Clark.

academic degrees

• Use periods with academic degrees.
  
  B.A.
  B.S.
  Ed.D.
  Ed.S.
  M.A.
  M.A.T.
  M.S.
  Ph.D.
  J.D.
  LL.M.
  M.B.A.
  
  
• Do not capitalize academic degrees when spelled out in general terms.
  
  bachelor of arts or bachelor's degree
  master of arts or master's degree
  doctorate
  juris doctor
  
  
• In lists, style faculty credentials as follows:
  
  Ph.D. 1966 Princeton University. M.A. 1962 Reed College.
  Ph.D. 1979, M.A. 1972 Stanford University.
  J.D. 1975 Harvard Law School.
  
  
• Reserve Dr. for those holding doctorates in medical fields only. Exception: Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr.

academic departments

• Capitalize the formal names of academic departments.
  
  Department of Chemistry
  Department of Education
  Department of English
  
  
• In informal names and descriptions of academic departments, capitalize only proper nouns. (Hint: Informal names often begin with the subject.)
  
  chemistry department
  education department
  English department
  
  
• See also academic majors, academic programs.

Academic English Studies

Use AES for second and subsequent references.

academic majors

Lowercase academic majors except proper nouns.

history
East Asian studies
Spanish
international affairs

academic programs

• Capitalize the formal names of programs.
  
  Language and Literacy Program
  East Asian Studies
  Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program
  John S. Rogers Science Program
  
  
• Do not capitalize generic names and descriptions of programs.
  
  teacher education program
  chemistry program
  
  
• See also capitalization.

acknowledgment(s)

acronyms

See abbreviations and names of business entities.

Activities Congress

add/drop

Make sure you understand the add/drop process.

addresses

• Use periods with compass directions.
  
  S.W.
  E.


• Spell out names of numbered streets through nine. Use numerals for 10 and greater.
  
  Fifth
  Ninth
  10th
  108th


• Spell out Avenue, Boulevard, and Street unless space is at a premium. Exception: Terwilliger Blvd. Do not mix spelled-out addresses and abbreviated addresses within the same document.

advisor

Not adviser

African American

Not African-American

alumna, alumnae, alumni, alumnus

• alumna: singular, female
  
• alumnae: plural, women only
  
• alumni: plural, men only or men and women
  
• alumnus: singular, male
  
• alum: singular, male or female; appropriate in informal contexts
  
• For alumni class identification, see class year and degree identification.

ages

Always use figures. If ages are expressed as adjectives before a noun or as substitutes for a noun, use hyphens.

The child is 2 years old.
He just turned 15.
She's a 3-year-old child.
The room was full of 7-year-olds.

Not alright

a.m.

Not AM or A.M.

See the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, 8.41 (page 325) for guidance.

• The ampersand is part of the official name of our institution. It is not optional in the following terms:
  
  Lewis & Clark (the educational institution)
  Lewis & Clark College of Arts and Sciences
  Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling
  Lewis & Clark Law School
  
  
• Apart from the ampersand in Lewis & Clark, do not use an ampersand in any school, department, program, or office names. (See exception for the Web, below.)
  
  Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling
  Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures
  Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program
  Office of Oversees and Off-Campus Programs


• Web only: To save space, you may substitute an ampersand for and in title and navigational elements. Do not substitute the ampersand for and in sentences, however.
  
  College of Arts & Sciences Commencement
  A video of the College of Arts and Sciences commencement is now available online…


• When referring to corporations and other institutions, avoid using an ampersand unless it is part of the entity’s official name.
  
  National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
  The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
  Oregon Health & Science University
  Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt

assure

See ensure, insure, assure.

Use to indicate footnoted material. Asterisks (as with all footnote symbols) follow punctuation marks and go inside parentheses.

bar (the legal entity)

Avoid Bar except when used as part of a proper name.

He was admitted to the bar last spring.
She is president of the Oregon State Bar.

• Use board on second reference.
  
• Considered singular: The Board of Alumni approves of the change.

• Do not capitalize.
  
• Considered singular: The board of directors invites members to this event.

• Capitalize when referring to Lewis & Clark's Board of Trustees; do not capitalize elsewhere.
  
• Use board on second reference.
  
• Considered singular: The Board of Trustees approves of the change.

• Use board on second reference.
  
• Considered singular: The Board of Visitors approves of the change.

Bon Appétit

British Columbia

Abbreviate when used with a city name: Victoria, B.C. See also cities.

See names of Lewis & Clark buildings and features.

bylaws

Not Bylaws, by-laws, or ByLaws

caller ID

campuswide

cancel, cancelable, canceled, canceling, cancellation

capitalization

• Lewis & Clark publications follow the Chicago Manual of Style recommendation to apply a "down" style, using capitals sparingly.
  
  
• Capitalize proper nouns.
  
  Lewis & Clark Board of Trustees
  Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling
  Lewis & Clark Law School
  Templeton Campus Center
  
  
• Do not capitalize common nouns.
  
  the board
  the graduate school
  the institute
  
  
• Capitalize College only if it stands for Lewis & Clark College of Arts and Sciences and you are writing for a CAS-only audience. Substitute Lewis & Clark if possible.
  
  
• Capitalize Lewis & Clark office names.
  
  Office of Human Resources or Human Resources
  Student Support Services
  Campus Living
  Office of Campus Safety or Campus Safety
  
  
• Capitalize prepositions or conjunctions of four or more letters in headlines and titles.
  
  Secrets From the Center of the World
  
  
• When a generic term is used in the plural after more than one proper name, the term should not be capitalized.
  
  the Columbia and Willamette rivers (but Columbia River)
  Department of Counseling Psychology programs (but Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology Program)
  Multnomah and Clackamas counties (but Multnomah County)
  
  
• Capitalize generic terms used in the plural before more than one proper name.
  
  Mounts Rainier and Hood
  
  
• See also academic degrees, academic departments, academic majors, academic programs, courses (titles of), endorsements, endowed professorships, names of business entities, titles of people, and entries under individual terms.

Cascade Mountains

century

• Use numerals: 18th century, 19th century.
  
• Hyphenate when used as an adjective: 20th-century poetry.

Use instead of chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson. Exception: Use chairman of the board if this title is used by a corporation.

cities

• In general use, do not use state designations with these U.S. cities:
  
  Oregon cities and towns (exceptions: Dallas, Milwaukie)
  Anchorage
  Atlanta
  Baltimore
  Boise
  Boston
  Chicago
  Cincinnati
  Cleveland
  Denver
  Detroit
  Honolulu
  Houston
  Indianapolis
  Los Angeles
  Miami
  Minneapolis
  New Orleans
  New York
  Oklahoma City
  Philadelphia
  Pittsburgh
  St. Louis
  Salt Lake City
  San Diego
  San Francisco
  Seattle
  
  
• These foreign locations stand alone:
  
  Beijing
  Berlin
  Geneva
  Gibraltar
  Guatemala City
  Havana
  Hong Kong
  Jerusalem
  Kuwait
  London
  Luxembourg
  Macao
  Mexico City
  Monaco
  Montreal
  Moscow
  Ottawa
  Paris
  Quebec
  Rome
  San Marino
  Singapore
  Tokyo
  Toronto
  Vatican City
  
  
• The conventions listed above do not apply to commencement programs. For those pieces, list both city and state for all U.S. addresses, and city and country for all non-U.S. addresses. (Do not list state, province, prefecture, or similar for non-U.S. addresses.)
  
  Minneapolis, Minnesota
  Montreal, Canada
  Tokyo, Japan

class year and degree identification

• In publications referring to two or more Lewis & Clark schools, use the following model to identify alumni:
  
  Jane Smith B.A. ’01
  Joan Smith J.D. ’01
  Janet Smith M.A.T. ’01
  
  
• Use periods for degree abbreviations.
  
  
• Use a space between a degree abbreviation and year.
  
  
• Do not use a comma to separate a name from a Lewis & Clark degree, except when citing multiple L&C degrees.
  
  John Smith B.A. ’04
  Juan Smith B.A. ’02, M.A.T. ’05
  
  
• Use a comma to separate a name from a degree granted by an institution other than Lewis & Clark.
  
  Jeanne Smith, J.D. University of Virginia
  
  
• Use the following form in lists or photo captions when identifying people who earned a certificate but not a degree at Lewis & Clark:
  
  Ian Smith, Educational Leadership certificate ’05
  
  Note: Capitalize Certificate if using headline capping style for the caption or list.
  
  
• When referring to a certificate holder in running text, describe the certificate (rather than identifying the person with an abbreviation and year in the manner of a degree holder or degree-seeking student).
  
  Ian Smith, who holds a certificate in educational leadership...
  
  
• Adapt the above guidelines as necessary to suit the context of a citation.

class year/standing (for College of Arts and Sciences)

• first-year student
  
• sophomore or second-year student
  
• junior
  
• senior

co

In general, do not hyphenate.

coauthor
codirector
copastor

coed

Not co-ed

colleges/universities

• Use the full current name of colleges and universities. When referring to a college or school within a larger institution, use the full current name of the smaller entity.
  
  Bard College
  Harvard University
  Yale Law School
  Oregon Health & Science University (not Oregon Health Sciences University)
  Reed College
  University of Oregon
  University of Arizona John E. Rogers College of Law
  Willamette University
  
  
• When referring to an institution belonging to a multicampus system, precede the location with at in all instances.
  
  State University of New York at Buffalo
  University of California at Berkeley (not University of California, Berkeley)
  University of Wisconsin at Madison (not University of Wisconsin-Madison)

College/college

In general, do not capitalize college when the word is not used as part of the name of an institution. You may capitalize the word if it stands for Lewis & Clark College of Arts and Sciences and you are writing for CAS-only audiences, but it is preferable to use Lewis & Clark College or Lewis & Clark instead.

you and your parents can visit the College (you and your parents can visit Lewis & Clark is better)
a college like Lewis & Clark
this college
our college
your college

• Avoid immediately following namely, for example, and similar expressions.
  
• Do not use immediately following a verb or preposition.
  
• For more guidance, consult the Chicago Manual of Style, sections 6.63-6.69.

Use a comma before and or or in a series.

red, white, and blue
faculty, students, or parents

company, companies

See names of business entities.

Not the Cooley House or The Cooley House

Include notice of copyright in book-length items.

© 2008 Lewis & Clark.

Corbett House

Not the Corbett House or The Corbett House

Core

Not CORE. Capitalize when referring to Core Curriculum or Core Program.

Considered plural: The couple live in Beaverton.

courses (titles of)

Capitalize course titles. Do not italicize or enclose in quotation marks.

She elected the credit/no credit option.

Do not hyphenate in the context of the track event.

She ran cross country this year.
How did he do at the cross country meet?

See degrees with distinction.

dash

Use a dash (—) to indicate an abrupt change in thought, or where a period is too strong and a comma is too weak. Do not put spaces around a dash.

dates

• Use commas to set off the year when using full dates.
  
  She was born on September 15, 1985, in Los Angeles.
  
  
• Do not use commas when using only month-and-year constructions.
  Planning began in September 1995.
  
  
• Do not use 1st, 2nd, and so on with dates.
  
  July 21
  April 2
  
  
• Use the year if referring to a date not in the current calendar year.
  
  John and Joan Jones had a baby in December 1997
  but
  The Smiths had a baby in January (of this year).
  
  
• Use the following models when referring to periods of years:
  
  She worked from 1949 to 1961.
  He worked in 1949-50. (for an academic year)
  He worked in the 1950s. (for a decade)
  Avoid '50s. Do not use 1950's.
  
  
• See also months.

Dean's List

decision making (n.), decision-making (adj.)

degrees

See academic degrees.

Set in Roman face; do not capitalize or use italics.

But sociology/anthropology major

See academic departments.

directions and regions

Consult the Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Manual for guidance.

Reserve for those holding doctorates in medical fields only. Exception: Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr.

Use a dollar sign followed by a numeral. Do not use .00 with dollar values.

$250 (not $250.00)
$12,300
$5.3 million

Avoid; use residence hall.

e.g. (exempli gratia; for example)

• This abbreviation should be used only in parenthetical phrases, where it is punctuated with periods and set off with a comma.
  
  The College of Arts and Sciences offers several majors (e.g., biology, economics, Hispanic studies).
  
  
• Do not use etc. at the end of a phrase beginning with e.g.

• professor emeritus of English (male)
  
• professor emerita of history (female)
  
• faculty emeriti
  
• Emeritus or Emerita immediately follows Professor in references to the titles of those who held named professorships.
  
  Richard L. Rohrbaugh, Paul S. Wright Professor Emeritus of Christian Studies

endorsements

Capitalize formal names of graduate school endorsements.

Special Educator Endorsement
ESOL/Bilingual Education Endorsement

endowed professorships

• Not endowed chairs.
  
  
• Capitalize named professorships in all circumstances.
  
  
• If space permits, use the full form of the named professorship for first mention (e.g., Edmund O. Belsheim Professor of Law rather than Belsheim Professor of Law).
  
  
• Belsheim
  
  Edmund O. Belsheim Professorship in Law
  Edmund O. Belsheim Professor of Law
  Belsheim Professor of Law
  
  
• Casey
  
  Henry J. Casey Professorship in Law
  Henry J. Casey Professor of Law
  Casey Professor of Law
  
  
• Dubach
  
  U.G. Dubach Professorship in Political Science
  U.G. Dubach Professor of Political Science
  Dubach Professor of Political Science
  
  
• Miller
  
  James F. Miller Professorship in the Humanities
  James F. Miller Professor of Humanities
  Miller Professor of Humanities
  
  
• Odell
  
  Morgan S. Odell Professorship in the Humanities
  Morgan S. Odell Professor of Humanities
  Odell Professor of Humanities
  
  
• Pamplin—Economics
  
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professorship in Economics
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professor of Economics
  Pamplin Professor of Economics
  
  
• Pamplin—Government
  
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professorship in Government
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professor of Government
  Pamplin Professor of Government
  
  
• Pamplin—History
  
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professorship in History
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professor of History
  Pamplin Professor of History
  
  
• Pamplin—Science
  
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professorship in Science
  Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Professor of Science
  Pamplin Professor of Science
  
  
• Rogers—Music
  
  James W. Rogers Professorship in Music
  James W. Rogers Professor of Music
  Rogers Professor of Music
  
  
• Rogers—Education
  
  Mary Stuart Rogers Professorship in Education
  Mary Stuart Rogers Professor of Education
  Rogers Professor of Education
  
  
• Swindells
  
  William Swindells Sr. Professorship in the Natural Sciences
  William Swindells Sr. Professor of Natural Sciences
  Swindells Professor of Natural Sciences
  
  
• Wood
  
  Erskine Wood Sr. Professorship in Law
  Erskine Wood Sr. Professor of Law
  Wood Professor of Law
  
  
• Wright
  
  Paul S. Wright Professorship in Christian Studies
  Paul S. Wright Professor of Christian Studies
  Wright Professor of Christian Studies

entitled, titled

• entitled: furnished with proper grounds for seeking or claiming something
  
  He felt entitled to something more substantial than "foreign beer and dry cheese."
  
  
• titled: provided with a title, designated or called by a title
  
  She has tentatively titled her next book Where We Go From Here.

ensure, insure, assure

• Use ensure to mean guarantee or make certain: Steps were taken to ensure the document's accuracy.
  
• Use insure for references to the characteristics of insurance: The policy will insure your home.
  
• Use assure to give confidence or to inform positively: She assured him that the decision was a wise one.

ESOL

Not ESL.

He teaches English to speakers of other languages.
She is pursuing concentrations in social studies and English for speakers of other languages.

Except in lists, tables, and parenthetical series, substitute and so on or and so forth.

In running text, spell out when referring to a phone number; separate with commas.

Call 800-753-9292, extension 1, for details.

faculty

Usually considered plural: The faculty attend these events.

They will be seated on a first-come, first-served basis.

See the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, 8.41 (page 325) for guidance.

Avoid freshman or freshmen. See class year/standing.

Frank Manor House

Not the Frank Manor House or The Frank Manor House

front page

Front page, which is borrowed from the newspaper term, is the preferred way to refer to the entry point of a website. This term is frequently confused with home page, which more accurately refers to the default page in your browser (which could be www.lclark.edu, www.CNN.com, www.Amazon.com, or another favorite site of your choosing).

Lewis & Clark's front page includes the latest news about the institution.

Gender Studies Symposium

General Education

Capitalize when referring to the College of Arts and Sciences' General Education requirements.

grade point average

Use GPA on second reference.

Use letter grade with no quotation marks.

She received an A in the course.
There is a W on his transcript.
She earned three Bs and two Cs.

Also the graduate school

Hawaii

But Hawai'i Club

health care

Not healthcare

See Student Health Services.

Not homepage. For additional discussion, see front page.

See titles of people.

See degrees with distinction.

i.e. (id est; that is)

Used for listing the specific case(s) referred to in the preceding material. Should be punctuated with periods and set off with a comma.

Please state your response (i.e., yes or no).

Not Indian Country

Do not separate with a space.

R.B. Pamplin Corporation

See ensure, insure, assure.

junior (Jr.), senior (Sr.)

See names.

Judge, Justice

See titles of people.

kickoff (n.), kick-off (adj.), kick off (v.)

KLC

Lewis & Clark's campus radio station

Language and Literacy Program: Reading Endorsement

For subsequent references, use reading endorsement.

law school

See Lewis & Clark Law School.

Lay means "to put" or "to place." It requires an object to complete its meaning. Principal forms are lay, laid, laid, laying.

Please lay the boxes there. I laid the message on the table.

Lie means "to recline, rest, or stay" or "to take a position of rest." It refers to a person or thing as either assuming or being in a reclining position. This verb cannot take an object. Principal forms are lie, lay, lain, lying.

He's been ill and lies in bed all day. The mail is lying on the secretary's desk.

Hint: To determine whether to use lie or lay in a sentence, substitute the word place, placed, or placing (as appropriate) for the word in question. If the substitute fits, the corresponding form of lay is correct; if it doesn't, use the appropriate form of lie.

legal cases

The names of legal cases (plaintiff and defendant) are usually italicized.

Miranda v. Arizona
Green v. Department of Public Welfare

• Lewis & Clark applies to the entire institution. Lewis & Clark College generally refers to the College of Arts and Sciences only.
  
• Lewis & Clark on subsequent references or L&C (for informal references only). The ampersand (&) is not optional.
  
• For international audiences, avoid College, even when referring specifically to the College of Arts and Sciences. The word may mean high school to these audiences.
  
• See also abbreviations, College/college.

Use alumni association on second and subsequent references.

• Use the full name on first reference. On subsequent references or in the context of all three schools, use the law school. Exception: For the Advocate, use Law School (not law school).
  
• Although Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College is the legal and historical name of the law school, its use is largely restricted to diplomas and stationery.

If the first of two consecutive modifiers ends in -ly, do not follow it with a hyphen.

It's a newly created program.

maiden names

See names of people.

See academic majors.

Stands for Metropolitan Area Express, the regional light-rail system.

Regional government agency; not METRO.

mid- to late [month]

The report will arrive in mid- to late November.

See dollar amounts.

Spell out months with a date in text matter.

musical ensembles (at Lewis & Clark)

African Marimba
Cappella Nova
Chamber Orchestra
College Choir
Javanese Gamelan
Jazz Ensemble
musical theatre
Percussion Ensemble
Raga-Tala (North India)
West African Rhythms
Wind Symphony (not Wind Ensemble)

named scholars

Lowercase scholar in references to those holding named scholarships:

Neely scholar
Dean's scholar
Rogers scholar
Rhodes scholar

Capitalize Scholarship in references to named scholarships:

Neely Scholarship
Dean's Scholarship
Rogers Scholarship
Rhodes Scholarship

names of business entities

• In running text, do not abbreviate Co. or Cos..
  
  
• In running text, delete Inc., Ltd., N.A., and P.C. unless necessary to distinguish from a name (e.g., Helene Curtis, Inc.).
  
  
• Do not use an ampersand (&) unless it is part of the official name.
  
  Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt
  
  
• Follow the company's style for punctuation.
  
  Foster Pepper Tooze
  Johnson Renshaw & Lechman-Su
  
  
• Follow the company's style for initial and internal caps (e.g., PageMaker, DirecTV). Exceptions: Capitalize the initial letter(s) of any name that, according to company style, is not capitalized (e.g., Adidas, not adidas). Capitalize only the initial letter(s) of any name that, according to company style, should appear in all caps (e.g., Visa, not VISA; Lexis-Nexis, not LEXIS-NEXIS).

names of Lewis & Clark buildings and features

Akin Hall
Albany Quadrangle, Albany
Alder Hall
Alumni Circle
Appalachia
Biology-Psychology
BoDine
Paul L. Boley Law Library, Boley Library, the law library
Bookstore (the)
Campus Safety
Cooley House (not the Cooley House or The Cooley House)
Copeland Hall
Corbett House (not the Corbett House or The Corbett House)
Council Chamber
Dovecote Café
U.G. Dubach Student Lounge, Dubach Student Lounge
East Hall
Estate Gardens
Evans Auditorium
Evans Music Center
Facilities Services
Fred W. Fields Center for the Visual Arts, Fields Center, the visual arts center
Fields Dining Room
Fir Acres Campus (avoid main campus)
Fir Acres Theatre, the theatre
Agnes Flanagan Chapel, the chapel
Forest Complex
Frank Manor House (not the Frank Manor House or The Frank Manor House)
Ronna and Eric Hoffman Gallery of Contemporary Art, Hoffman Gallery, the gallery
Gantenbein
Greenhouse
Griswold Stadium
Hartzfeld Hall
Heating and Cooling Plant
C. Howard Hall (residence hall)
John R. Howard hall, J.R. Howard Hall
Huston Sports Complex
Juniper Hall
Legal Research Center
Manzanita Hall
Maggie's Café and Convenience Store, Maggie's Café, Maggie's
McAfee
Chester E. McCarty Classrooms
James F. Miller Center for the Humanities, Miller Center, the humanities center
Morgan S. Odell Alumni Gatehouse, Odell Alumni Gatehouse, Alumni Gatehouse
Odell Hall (residence hall)
Olin Center for Physics and Chemistry
Outdoor Pool and Dressing Pavilion
Pamplin Sports Center
Platt Hall
Ponderosa Hall
Roberts Hall
Rogers Hall
Rose Garden
Gordon H. Smith Hall, Smith Hall
South Campus
South Campus Conference Center (not South Campus Commons)
Spruce Hall
Stamm Dining Room
Stewart Hall
Tamarack (not Tamarack Hall)
Templeton Campus Center
Tennis Courts
Trail Room
Aubrey R. Watzek Library, Watzek Library, the library
West Hall
Louise and Erskine Wood Sr. Hall, Wood Hall
Zehntbauer Swimming Pavilion
Room numbering style: Room 1, Room 2, and so on

names of people

• In the first reference, use the individual's full name, including any middle initials according to the individual's preference or the formality of the context. In subsequent references, use last names only.
  
  First reference: Donald Balmer Second reference: Balmer
  First reference: Jennifer Johnson Second reference: Johnson
  First reference: Charles R. Ault Jr. Second reference: Ault
  
  
• In text, do not surround Jr. or Sr. following a name with commas.
  
  I saw Robert B. Pamplin Sr. at the event.
  
  
• Enclose nicknames in quotation marks. (Note: Nicknames generally should be avoided.)
  
  
• When including a former last name in a reference, place it before the current last name and do not use parentheses. The decision to include a former last name should be based on the individual's preference, if known, or informed by the need for clarity in a specific context.
  
  Hillary Rodham Clinton
  Elizabeth Barrett Browning
  

Native American/American Indian/First Nations

See the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, 8.41 (page 325) for guidance.

Neely scholar

New Student Orientation

Net (short form of Internet)

nicknames

See names.

Not non-credit

Long version:

Lewis & Clark adheres to a nondiscriminatory policy with respect to employment, enrollment, and program. Lewis & Clark does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, sex, national origin, age, handicap or disability, sexual orientation, or marital status and has a firm commitment to promote the letter and spirit of all equal opportunity and civil rights laws.

Short version:

Lewis & Clark follows the letter and spirit of all equal opportunity and civil rights laws.

none

If the object of the preposition after none is singular, use a singular verb. Likewise, if the object of the preposition after the verb is plural, use a plural verb.

None of the day was wasted.
None of us were alert.

Also not-for-profit

Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College

See Lewis & Clark Law School.

note taker

numerals

• Spell out zero through nine. Use Arabic numerals for 10 and greater. If more than one numeral appears in the same sentence—and all of them refer to the same category of item—do not use numerals for some and spell out others. If according to the rule you must use numerals for one of the items in a given category, then for consistency's sake use numerals for them all.
  
  He had four books on his desk.
  She planted 12 bulbs in her garden.
  There were 5 students in the morning session and 12 students in the afternoon.
  
  
• Use a comma with numerals of 1,000 and above (except dates).
  5,000
  42,000
  
  
• Use numerals when referring to academic credit.
  
  The student earned 2.5 hours of credit.
  
  
• Use numerals when referring to a page number.
  
  The passage begins on page 5.
  
  
• See also ages, percentages.

offline

okay

Not OK