History 121

The New Imperialism, 1840-1914

I. Origins of the "New Imperialism"

A. Colonialism vs. Imperialism
•Pre-19th century colonialism: settlement or trade relationships with indigenous governments
•19th-century imperialism: occupation and direct rule by Europeans

B. Motives for Imperial Expansion
•The "3 C's": Commerce, Christianity, and Civilization
--Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man's Burden" (1899)
•Lenin's Thesis: markets and raw materials
•Nationalist competition

II. Imperialism in Asia--Divergent Models
•Direct Rule: India, Dutch East Indies, Indochina, Philippines
•Extraterritoriality of "treaty ports": China
•Indigenous resistance and reform: Japan
--Japan itself becomes imperial power: Korea and Sakhalin Island

Asia in 1914

III. The Scramble for Africa
•The psychology of imperialism
--the Fashoda Incident
--the case of Cecil Rhodes
•Colonial strategies
-Britain: education, civilization
-France: assimilation
•European infrastructure, European ideas
•Achebe's quest for an African identity

Africa 1870-1914